EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY: A SYSTEMIC REVIEW OF PHARMACOTHERAPY AND NEW TREATMENT PARADIGMS
Abstract
Retinal vasculitis brought on by the consequences of diabetes mellitus is known as diabetic retinopathy. Globally, the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy has skyrocketed, making it a primary cause of blindness and visual impairment in individuals over 20. There are a number of risk factors for diabetic retinopathy including duration of diabetes, poor metabolic control, puberty, gender, hypertension, high lipid levels, nephropathy, and surgery. Clinical practice recommendations include 1) treating hyperlipidemia, 2) controlling arterial hypertension to levels below 130/80 mm Hg, and 3) bringing blood sugar levels down to levels to normal (HbA1c = 7.0%). It is possible to reduce the prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus and, consequently, its consequences by weight loss, exercise, and healthy eating. We have reviewed different pathological aspects of diabetic retinopathy and its underlying mechanism of occurrence. In this review, we aim to provide an in-depth understanding and illustration of the progression of diabetic retinopathy, its pathophysiology, epidemiology, and prospective therapeutic targets. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the published literature pertaining to the latest progress in the treatment of DR.
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