BioNexus Bulletin

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Among the General Public: A cross – Sectional Study

Sravana Kumar S — 2026-05-14

Background: Pharmacovigilance is essential for monitoring drug safety and preventing adverse drug reactions (ADRs). However, ADR underreporting remains a major global concern. Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding pharmacovigilance among the general public. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 participants using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Only 16.67% of participants were aware of pharmacovigilance. While 70% strongly agreed that ADR reporting is important, only 7.67% had reported ADRs. Major barriers included lack of awareness and lack of knowledge about reporting systems. Conclusion: Knowledge and practice are inadequate despite positive attitudes. Educational interventions are required to improve ADR reporting.

EMERGING TRENDS IN PLANT DERIVED ANTI ULCER THERAPEUTICS

Venkata Ramesh Gudipati — 2026-05-15

Health comprises the balanced state of Doha, That, Mala and Agni. For the digestion process balanced, Jatharagni is immensely important. Both these Dramas modify and balance the state of Maharani, improve digestive concealment, facilitates peristaltic movements, etc. It is imbalance between aggressive and protective factors; several herbal drugs have been estimated for its Possible spelling mistake found. efficacy using several ulcer converting models in laboratory creatures. This composition is only confined to the anti-ulcer efficacy of the medicinal shops. Herbal drugs could be a precious choice to treat Peptic ulcer with smaller adverse goods. The conformation of peptic ulcers depends on the presence of acid and peptic exertion in gastric juice plus breakdown in mucosal defenses. The more potent lead composites with lower side goods.

BUCCAL DRUG DELIVERY: AN EMERGING PLATFORM FOR SYSTEMIC AND LOCALIZED THERAPY

Abhinaya Gujjarlamudi — 2026-05-18

Buccal drug delivery systems (BDDS) have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional oral drug administration by overcoming limitations such as extensive first-pass metabolism, gastrointestinal degradation, and reduced bioavailability. The buccal mucosa offers a highly vascularized and relatively permeable surface, enabling direct drug entry into systemic circulation and thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing hepatic metabolism. This route provides advantages including painless administration, rapid onset of action, improved patient compliance, and suitability for pediatric, geriatric, unconscious, and non-cooperative patients. Bioadhesion and mucoadhesion play crucial roles in prolonging the residence time of dosage forms by facilitating interaction between the formulation and mucin layer of the oral mucosa. Drug permeability across the buccal membrane is influenced by physiological and anatomical factors, as well as formulation strategies incorporating penetration enhancers, enzyme inhibitors, and novel bioadhesive polymers. Despite extensive research and development of various dosage forms such as tablets, patches, gels, sprays, and films, only a limited number have achieved clinical and commercial success. Challenges such as limited surface area, salivary washout, and lack of standardized in vitro evaluation methods remain significant. Overall, BDDS represents a technologically advanced and patient-friendly drug delivery approach with substantial therapeutic potential.

EMERGING THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES IN AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DIEASE

Venkata Nagaraju Gumma — 2026-05-23

Mutations in PKD1 and PKD2 beget autosomal dominant polycystic order complaint (ADPKD), the most common renal inheritable complaint, leading to the dysregulation of renal tubules and the development of cystic growth that compromises order function. Despite significant advances in recent decades, there remains a considerable unmet clinical need, as current rectifiers are not effective at decelerating or halting complaint progression. Although preclinical beast models have been used considerably, the translatability of similar findings is uncertain and mortal-applicable complaint models are urgently demanded. Autosomal dominant polycystic order complaint (ADPKD) is the reported in 10 of end- stage order complaint (ESKD) cases and has an estimated frequence of 12.5 million cases worldwide across all races. There have been major advancements over the last two decades in understanding the pathogenesis and development of complaint- modifying treatment options for ADPKD, in nonsupervisory blessing of tolvaptan for ADPKD cases at threat of rapid-fire progression to order failure. In 2016, the position statement issued by the European Renal Association (period) was the first society- based recommendation on the use of tolvaptan and has served as a extensively used decision- making tool for nephrologists. Since also, considerable practical experience regarding the use of tolvaptan in ADPKD has accumulated.

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR ENHANCED GASTRIC RETENTION

Sowmya Jonnakuti — 2026-05-25

Gastro retentive floating drug delivery systems (GRFDDS) are designed to prolong the residence time of dosage forms in the stomach, thereby improving the bioavailability of drugs that are preferentially absorbed from the upper gastrointestinal tract. These systems remain buoyant in gastric fluid without affecting the normal gastric emptying rate, allowing sustained and controlled drug release. Floating drug delivery systems are particularly beneficial for drugs with a narrow absorption window, low solubility at high intestinal pH, or those intended for local action in the stomach. GRFDDS are mainly classified into effervescent and non-effervescent systems. Effervescent systems generate gas upon contact with gastric fluid, reducing density and enabling floatation, whereas non-effervescent systems rely on swellable polymers to maintain buoyancy. Various polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, chitosan, and sodium alginate are commonly used in formulation development. The advantages of GRFDDS include improved therapeutic efficacy, reduced dosing frequency, enhanced patient compliance, and minimized drug fluctuations. However, factors such as gastric motility, fed or fasted state, and formulation variables influence system performance. Overall, gastro retentive floating drug delivery systems represent an effective approach for enhancing oral drug delivery and are widely explored in modern pharmaceutical research.

EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY: A SYSTEMIC REVIEW OF PHARMACOTHERAPY AND NEW TREATMENT PARADIGMS

Indra Chenna Reddy Kakarla — 2026-05-26

Retinal vasculitis brought on by the consequences of diabetes mellitus is known as diabetic retinopathy. Globally, the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy has skyrocketed, making it a primary cause of blindness and visual impairment in individuals over 20. There are a number of risk factors for diabetic retinopathy including duration of diabetes, poor metabolic control, puberty, gender, hypertension, high lipid levels, nephropathy, and surgery. Clinical practice recommendations include 1) treating hyperlipidemia, 2) controlling arterial hypertension to levels below 130/80 mm Hg, and 3) bringing blood sugar levels down to levels to normal (HbA1c = 7.0%). It is possible to reduce the prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus and, consequently, its consequences by weight loss, exercise, and healthy eating. We have reviewed different pathological aspects of diabetic retinopathy and its underlying mechanism of occurrence. In this review, we aim to provide an in-depth understanding and illustration of the progression of diabetic retinopathy, its pathophysiology, epidemiology, and prospective therapeutic targets. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the published literature pertaining to the latest progress in the treatment of DR.