IMPORTANCE OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS IN MODERN PHARMACEUTICAL DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES

Abstract

In modern drug delivery systems, biodegradable polymers have gained significant importance due to their ability to safely decompose into non-toxic byproducts after fulfilling their therapeutic purpose. These polymers facilitate controlled and sustained drug delivery, improve bioavailability, and enable targeted delivery, thereby enhancing therapeutic effects while minimizing side effects. Commonly utilized biodegradable polymers include natural varieties such as chitosan, alginate, and gelatin, as well as synthetic options like polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), and their copolymers. The composition, molecular weight, and crystallinity of these polymers can be adjusted to achieve precise control over drug release kinetics, as they can be engineered to influence degradation behavior. Biodegradable polymer-based carriers are widely employed in various drug delivery systems, including microspheres, nanoparticles, hydrogels, implants, and gastroprotective systems. They are particularly beneficial in managing chronic diseases, especially in cancer treatment, as they reduce dosing frequency and enhance patient compliance. Furthermore, biodegradable polymers eliminate the need for surgical removal of delivery devices, offering significant clinical advantages. Despite their promising applications, challenges related to stability, scalability, and reproducibility remain. Overall, biodegradable polymers represent a versatile and effective approach to designing drug delivery systems and continue to play a crucial role in pharmaceutical research and development.