Evaluation of Antiasthmatic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Leaves of Solanum Xanthocarpum Leaves

Bhagya Laxmi Behara; Meher Jyothi B

doi:10.37022/jiaps.v11i3.977

Behara. Bhagya Laxmi Department of Pharmacology, Avanti Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tgarapuvalasa, Vaizayanagarm, Andhra Pradesh, India.
B.Meher Jyothi Department of Pharmacology, Avanti Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tgarapuvalasa, Vaizayanagarm, Andhra Pradesh, India.

DOI https://doi.org/10.37022/jiaps.v11i3.977

Abstract

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disorder affecting nearly 300 million individuals worldwide. Despite the availability of various therapeutic agents, current treatments primarily provide symptomatic relief with limited duration of action. Solanum xanthocarpum leaves have been traditionally utilized in the management of asthma; however, their anti-asthmatic and anti-cholinergic properties have received comparatively less scientific attention. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-asthmatic potential of ethanolic leaf extract of Solanum xanthocarpum through experimental models. The anti-asthmatic activity of 50% aqueous ethanol extract prepared from dried and fresh leaves, along with volatile and fixed oils of Solanum xanthocarpum, was assessed against histamine- and acetylcholine-induced preconvulsive dyspnea (PCD) in guinea pigs. Animals were fasted for 24 hours and exposed to an aerosolized mist of 2% histamine dihydrochloride solution using a nebulizer in a histamine chamber maintained at 300 mm Hg pressure. Exposure to histamine aerosol produced progressive respiratory distress, characterized by dyspnea, convulsions, asphyxia, and eventual death. The interval between aerosol exposure and the onset of convulsive symptoms was recorded as preconvulsion time (PCT). Animals exhibiting typical histamine-induced asthma within 3 minutes were selected and habituated to the experimental chamber before the study. The animals were divided into different treatment groups. Mepyramine (8 mg/kg) and polyherbal formulation (300 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally 30 minutes before aerosol exposure. Animals that did not exhibit asthmatic symptoms within 6 minutes were considered protected. The percentage protection against induced bronchospasm was calculated based on the increase in preconvulsion time. The findings demonstrated significant protective effects of Solanum xanthocarpum leaf extract against experimentally induced asthma, suggesting its potential role as an anti-asthmatic and anti-cholinergic agent.

Keywords: Anti-asthmatic activity,, Solanum xanthocarpum, histamine-induced asthma model, acetylcholine-induced bronchospasm, guinea pig model

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