Leveraging doped zinc oxide nanoparticles for advancements in skin cancer therapy
Abstract
Skin cancer remains a formidable challenge in modern oncology, ranking as the fifth most prevalent malignancy globally. Conventional therapeutic strategies for early-stage skin cancer predominantly include surgical excision, Mohs micrographic surgery, radiation therapy, curettage with electrodesiccation, cryotherapy, and photodynamic therapy. While chemotherapy remains a cornerstone in cancer treatment, it is often hindered by several limitations, including inadequate therapeutic efficacy, the development of tumor resistance, poor solubility and permeability, as well as systemic toxicity. In recent years, the advent of nanotechnology has revolutionized biomedical research, particularly in oncology, by offering innovative approaches to improve drug delivery, enhance tumor targeting, and optimize therapeutic outcomes. Among various nanomaterials, nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as promising candidates for skin cancer treatment due to their unique physicochemical properties, high biocompatibility, and ability to achieve targeted drug delivery with minimal off-target effects. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, in particular, have garnered substantial attention for their potent anticancer properties, which can be further enhanced through doping strategies to improve their efficacy, stability, and selectivity against malignant cells. This review comprehensively examines the therapeutic potential of doped ZnO nanoparticles in skin cancer treatment.
Keywords:
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles, Nanotechnology in Skin Cancer, Doped Nanoparticles, Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
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References
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11. Nurgali K, Jagoe RT, Abalo R. Editorial: Adverse Effects of Cancer Chemotherapy: Anything New to Improve Tolerance and Reduce Sequelae? Front Pharmacol. 2018; 9:245. Frontiers Media SA. Avail‑ able from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC58 74321/
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13. Krishnan V, Mitragotri S. Nanoparticles for topical drug delivery: Potential for skin cancer treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2020; 153:87–108.
14. Barenholz Y. Doxil® — The frst FDAapproved nanodrug: Lessons learned. J Control Release. 2012; 160:117–34.
15. Lobo C, Lopes G, Silva O, Gluck S. Paclitaxel albumin bound particles (abraxane™) in combination with bevacizumab with or without gemcit‑ abine: early experience at the University of Miami/Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute. Biomed Pharmacother. 2007; 61:531–3.
16. Wu J. The Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) Effect: The Signifcance of the Concept and Methods to Enhance Its Application. J Pers Med 2021;11. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84 02171/.
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18. Mitchell MJ, Billingsley MM, Haley RM, Wechsler ME, Peppas NA, Langer R. Engineering precision nanoparticles for drug delivery. Nat Rev Drug Dis‑ cov. 2020;20(2):101–24. Nature Publishing Group. Available from: https:// www.nature.com/articles/s4157302000908.
19. Pugazhendhi A, Edison TNJI, Karuppusamy I, Kathirvel B. Inorganic nanoparticles: A potential cancer therapy for human welfare. Int J Pharm Elsevier. 2018; 539:104–11.
20. Wang R, Billone PS, Mullett WM. Nanomedicine in Action: An Overview of Cancer Nanomedicine on the Market and in Clinical Trials. Journal of Nano‐ materials. 2013; 2013:12.
21. McNeil SE. Nanoparticle therapeutics: a personal perspective. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2009; 1(3):264-71.
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Alagarsamy, S., Ramachandran, N., Rajeevkumar, P., Vasu Rekha, S., & Kathirvelu, J. (2025). Leveraging doped zinc oxide nanoparticles for advancements in skin cancer therapy . Journal of Innovations in Applied Pharmaceutical Science (JIAPS), 10(1), 21-31. https://doi.org/10.37022/jiaps.v10i1.669
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