An Overview of Urolithiasis
Abstract
Urolithiasis is the term for the condition in which stones develop in the kidney, bladder, and/or urethra (urinary tract). Men are twice as likely as women to develop stones. Anguish that extends from the flank to the groin or to the genital area and inner thigh is a defining feature of stones that block the ureter or renal pelvis. The name of the stone kind comes from the minerals that make it up. Struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate), calcium oxalate, urate, cystine, and silica are the most frequently occurring stones. In the world, calcium is present in the most prevalent kind of kidney stones. Preventive actions vary according on the kind of stones. elevated danger of renal failure. Randall's plaque, which forms on the renal papillary surfaces, is the most prevalent site of calcium oxalate stone development. The nucleation, crystal development, aggregation, and retention of urine stone ingredients within the kidney are the mechanisms involved in the creation of stones.
Keywords:
Urolithiasis [kidney stones], Calculi, struvite, Calcium oxalate, Urate
References
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16. Khan SR, Kok DJ. Modulators of urinary stone formation. Front Biosci. 2004 May 1;9(629):1450-82.
17. Basavaraj DR, Biyani CS, Browning AJ, Cartledge JJ. The role of urinary kidney stone inhibitors and promoters in the pathogenesis of calcium containing renal stones. EAU-EBU update series. 2007 Jun 1;5(3):126-36.
18. Chamsuwan S, Angkanaporn K, Dissayabutra T, Chuaypen N, Buranakarl C. The association between single nucleotide polymorphism in vitamin D receptor and calcium oxalate urolithiasis in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 2021 Sep;35(5):2263-70.
19. Frassetto L, Kohlstadt I. Treatment and prevention of kidney stones: an update. American family physician. 2011 Dec 1;84(11):1234-42.
20. Sorokin I, Mamoulakis C, Miyazawa K, Rodgers A, Talati J, Lotan Y. Epidemiology of stone disease across the world. World journal of urology. 2017 Sep;35:1301-20.
21. TRINCHIERI A, OSTINI F, NESPOLI R, ROVERA F, MONTANARI E, ZANETTI G. A prospective study of recurrence rate and risk factors for recurrence after a first renal stone. The Journal of urology. 1999 Jul;162(1):27-30.
22. Sutherland JW, Parks JH, Coe FL. Recurrence after a single renal stone in a community practice. Mineral and electrolyte metabolism. 1985 Jan 1;11(4):267-9.
2. Moe OW. Kidney stones: pathophysiology and medical management. The lancet. 2006 Jan 28;367(9507):333-44.
3. Prasanthi G, Chandu Baburao CB, Kumar YP, Swarnalatha D, Gopinath C. Chemical pharmacology of Khat leaves.
4. Alelign T, Petros B. Kidney stone disease: an update on current concepts. Advances in urology. 2018;2018(1):3068365.
5. Gindi S, Hawisa NT, Baburao C, Khagga M. Role of Ficus bengalensis leaves as a hepatoprotective on rifampicin induced hepatic damage in albino rats. Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics. 2010;2(6):378-9.
6. Evan AP, Lingeman JE, Coe FL, Parks JH, Bledsoe SB, Shao Y, Sommer AJ, Paterson RF, Kuo RL, Grynpas M. Randall’s plaque of patients with nephrolithiasis begins in basement membranes of thin loops of Henle. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2003 Mar 1;111(5):607-16.
7. Sanaka S, Chandu BR, Nama S. The Behaviour and Toxicity of Nanoparticles. Int. J. Adv. Pharm., Biol. Chem. 2012;1:315-24.
8. Khan SR, Hackett RL. Role of organic matrix in urinary stone formation: An ltrastructural study of crystal matrix interface of calcium oxalate monohydrate stones. The Journal of urology. 1993 Jul 1;150(1):239-45.
9. Tsujihata M. Mechanism of calcium oxalate renal stone formation and renal tubular cell injury. International Journal of Urology. 2008 Feb;15(2):115-20.
10. Khan SR, Glenton PA, Backov R, Talham DR. Presence of lipids in urine, crystals and stones: implications for the formation of kidney stones. Kidney International. 2002 Dec 1;62(6):2062-72.
11. Aggarwal KP, Narula S, Kakkar M, Tandon C. Nephrolithiasis: molecular mechanism of renal stone formation and the critical role played by modulators. BioMed research international. 2013;2013(1):292953.
12. Fasano JM, Khan SR. Intratubular crystallization of calcium oxalate in the presence of membrane vesicles: an in vitro study. Kidney International. 2001 Jan 1;59(1):169-78.
13. Kumar KR, Nagaraju GV, Subrahmanyam SN, Nagarani K, Shareef S, Tennygilphin M, Namballa M. Assessment on Elements Involving the Academic Performance among Pharmacy Students: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study. Int J Cur Res Rev| Vol. 2021 Dec;13(23):141.
14. Evan AP, Coe FL, Lingeman JE, Shao Y, Sommer AJ, Bledsoe SB, Anderson JC, Worcester EM. Mechanism of formation of human calcium oxalate renal stones on Randall's plaque. The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology. 2007 Oct;290(10):1315-23.
15. Ravella S, Angel M, Subramanian H, Thangavel N, Namballa M, Lokesh D, Mishra AK, Nagaraju GV. Navigating the Future of Cancer Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Review of Novel Approaches for Community-Based Treatment. future.;1:6.
16. Khan SR, Kok DJ. Modulators of urinary stone formation. Front Biosci. 2004 May 1;9(629):1450-82.
17. Basavaraj DR, Biyani CS, Browning AJ, Cartledge JJ. The role of urinary kidney stone inhibitors and promoters in the pathogenesis of calcium containing renal stones. EAU-EBU update series. 2007 Jun 1;5(3):126-36.
18. Chamsuwan S, Angkanaporn K, Dissayabutra T, Chuaypen N, Buranakarl C. The association between single nucleotide polymorphism in vitamin D receptor and calcium oxalate urolithiasis in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 2021 Sep;35(5):2263-70.
19. Frassetto L, Kohlstadt I. Treatment and prevention of kidney stones: an update. American family physician. 2011 Dec 1;84(11):1234-42.
20. Sorokin I, Mamoulakis C, Miyazawa K, Rodgers A, Talati J, Lotan Y. Epidemiology of stone disease across the world. World journal of urology. 2017 Sep;35:1301-20.
21. TRINCHIERI A, OSTINI F, NESPOLI R, ROVERA F, MONTANARI E, ZANETTI G. A prospective study of recurrence rate and risk factors for recurrence after a first renal stone. The Journal of urology. 1999 Jul;162(1):27-30.
22. Sutherland JW, Parks JH, Coe FL. Recurrence after a single renal stone in a community practice. Mineral and electrolyte metabolism. 1985 Jan 1;11(4):267-9.
Published
31/08/2023
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Megavath, S. N. (2023). An Overview of Urolithiasis. Journal of Case Studies and Case Reports, 2(2), 22-27. https://doi.org/10.37022/jcscr.v2i2.602
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