A Review on:  Pharmacokinetic and Drug Disposition

Komali Kundeti

doi:10.37022/jcscr.v2i2.600

Kundeti Komali Priyadarshini Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 5th mile, Pulladigunta-522017, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. India.

DOI https://doi.org/10.37022/jcscr.v2i2.600

Abstract

A significant factor in both health and sickness is the billions of microorganisms that comprise the gut microbiome. Xenobiotics—drugs that are taken orally, in particular—interact directly with the gut microbiota to be broken down into metabolic products. Additionally, the metabolizing enzyme machinery of the host is affected indirectly by microbial metabolites such bile acids, which interact with nuclear receptors to affect drug disposition and pharmacokinetics. Understanding a drug's fate, or its disposition (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion—abbreviated ADME) and pharmacokinetics—the mathematical depiction of these processes' rates and concentration-time relationships—is essential to pharmaceutical research and development. These investigations are essential for defining conditions for safe and effective use in patients, supporting safety assessment, and helping to find and choose new chemical entities. They are especially useful in bridging the gap between animal research and human situations. With an emphasis on the importance of this information for a thorough comprehension of a drug's mechanisms of action and toxicity, this presentation aims to give an overview of the life cycle of a medication in the body of an animal.

Keywords: Xenobiotics, human and animal exposure, predictive value

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