Laminin-5 γ2 chain expression correlates with unfavorable prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue

Ahmed G. Elsayed Ahmed G. Elsayed; Salwa H. SulimanAhmeida Salwa H. SulimanAhmeida; Fathi A. Abdalla Asnini Fathi A. Abdalla Asnini; Faraj A. Aljali Faraj A. Aljali; Hamed M. Abdulatti Hamed M. Abdulatti

Ahmed G. Elsayed Tobruk Medical Center, Pathology Department, Libya.
Salwa H. SulimanAhmeida Faculty of Dentistry, Oral Pathology Department, Benghazi University, Libya.
Fathi A. Abdalla Asnini Faculty of Medicine, General Surgery Department, Tobruk University, Libya.
Faraj A. Aljali Faculty of Medicine, General Surgery Department, Tobruk University, Libya.
Hamed M. Abdulatti Faculty of Medicine, ENT Surgery Department, Tobruk University, Libya.

Abstract

Introduction: Oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is the eighth most common cancer among men and fourteenth among women in the U.S. according to recent data. Oral and oropharyngeal cancers are the most common malignancies of the head and neck region and are well-known for their high rate of proliferation and nodal metastasis. Oral squamous cell carcinoma, the most frequent of all oral cancers, accounts for more than 90% of oral cancers. Laminin is an important constitutional element of the basement membrane. Laminin-5. The cleaved γ2 chains bind epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) on cancer cell surfaces and transmit intracellular signals that promote cell growth and mobility.

Aim of the work: To evaluate Laminin-5 γ2 chain expression as a prognostic marker in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in Tobruk-Libya

Patients, Materials, and Methods: The study group included 33 selected cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, diagnosed at the Pathology department of Tobruk Medical Center, Libya, between 2013 and 2019. All patients were surgically treated and underwent complete surgical excision with a safety margin. The selection process was based on the histological criteria for the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and was classified into well-differentiated (grade I), moderately differentiated (grade II), and poorly differentiated (grade III). Other clinicopathological data (gender, age, tumor size, and lymph node metastasis) were extracted from medical files. All cases were studied by Laminin-5 γ2 immunohistochemical staining monoclonal antibodies expression.

Results: The details of 33 patients selected for analyses are as follows. The mean age of the patients at initial surgery was 65.5 years (range, 48–83 years), and 23 were (69.7%) males and 10 (30.3%) were females. 18 cases of the tumors were well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (54.5%); 8 cases were moderate differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (24.2%) and 7 cases were poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (21.3%). Tumor size ranged between 6 and 22 mm, with a mean of 14 mm. Lymph nodes metastasis was present in 5 cases (15.2%) and 28 cases (84.8%) show no lymph nodes metastasis. Area percentage of laminin-5 γ2 expression in well-differentiated keratinized squamous cell carcinoma scored the highest levels (37.252 ± 16.870) followed by poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (14.466 ± 3.408) and finally moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (14.462 ± 3.827). The optic density of laminin-5 γ2 expression in poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma scored the highest levels (58.368 ± 4.027) followed by moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (44.734 ± 0.386) and finally well-differentiated keratinized squamous cell carcinoma (40.952 ± 8.844).

Conclusion: Laminin-5 γ2 could be used as useful markers to detect the invasiveness of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.

Keywords: : Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Laminin-5 γ2, squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue

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