Formulation and evaluation of natural mosquito repellent hoop cones
Abstract
Mosquitoes are found all over the world and are responsible for spreading diseases like malaria, dengue, and yellow fever. Controlling mosquito populations and protecting oneself from mosquito bites are crucial in preventing the spread of these infectious diseases. Mosquitoes carry a wide range of illnesses, so it's important to use mosquito-repelling solutions. There is also a growing market for "natural" DEET-free repellents. These repellents come in various forms such as spray, lotion, and wearable items and they contain active ingredients like picaridin, IR 3535, and essential oils such as eucalyptus and lemongrass. These repellents work by reducing the likelihood that mosquitoes will be attracted to human scent. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), natural oil painting-based insect repellents can be safely used by adults and children older than two months when used as directed.
Keywords:
Mosquito attractants, Standardized procedures, Repellent efficacy, laboratory testing, spatial repellency, contact repellency, and techniques review, limonene oil, camphor, activated charcoal, turmeric
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References
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2. Trivedi A., Rai P. and Jitendra Kumar: Formulation of low smoke herbal mosquito repellent sticks by using different essential oils, The Pharma Innovation Journal 2018, 7(4) 173-175.
3. Ruchi S. Shivhare, Manish A. Kamble, Mahapatra D. K., Ingole A. R., Baheti J. R., Bisen A.: Development of mosquito repellant gel formulations from various natural volatile oils: comparative study withthe marketed formulation odomos®, Journal of Drug Delivery &Therapeutics 2018, 8(6), 106-110.
4. Ponkiya N., Desai S., Mistry J., Patel S., Ingalhalli R.: Development of economical mosquito repellent using marigold plant, International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation 2018, 3(11), 47-54.
5. Mendhekar S. Y., Bodke N. N., Thorat P. B., Jadhav S.L., Gaikwad D.D.: Formulation and evaluation of polyherbal mosquito repellent creams (ointment type) with extra skin nourishing impact, World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2017, 6(12), 1731-1742.
6. Rwang P. G., Effoim O. E., Mercy K. P., Etokakpan A. M.: Effects ofpsidiumguajava (guava) extracts on immature stage of mosquito, International Journal of Complementary & Alternative Medicine 2016, 4(5), 1-5.
7. Ranasinghe M. S. N., Arambewela L., Samarasinghe S.: Development of herbal mosquito repellent formulations, IJPSR 2016, 7(9), 3643-3648.
8. Lad N., Palekar S.: Preparation and evaluation of Herbal Dhoop for cleansing the air, International Journal of Herbal Medicine 2016, 4(6), 98-103.
9. Gupta P., Vasudeva N.: Marigold: A Potential Ornamental Plant Drug, Hamdard Medicus 2012, 55(1), 45-59.
10. Kamaraj C., Bagavan A., Elango G., Zahir A. A., Rajakumar G., Marimuthu S., Santhoshkumar T., Rahuman A. A: Larvicidal activity of medicinal plant extracts against Anopheles subpictus & Culex tritaeniorhynchus, The Indian Journal of Medical Research 2011, 134(1), 101-106.
11. Bagavan A., Rahuman A. A.: Evaluation of larvicidal activity of medicinal plant extracts against three mosquito vectors, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011, 29-34.
12. Elissa AH, Nicole FA, Laurence J and John R. "Olfaction: Mosquito receptor for humansweat odorant". Nature. 2004;427(6971): 212–213.
13. Medicated mosquito nets mooted to fight malaria: The Hindu, Online edition of India's National Newspaper, 2006.
14. http://www.mosquito netting. com / mosquito
control.html.
15. Enayati AA, Hemingway J and Garner P. Electronic mosquito repellents for preventing mosquito bites and malaria infection, Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007; 18: 34-42
16. Biswas, A., Pal, S. (2011). Mosquito larvicidal activity of
some essential oils and their major constituents. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 46(1):1-8.
17. Chand, S., Kaushik, R. K. (2012). Efficacy of mosquito repellent formulations containing essential oils of Ocimum sanctum and Cymbopogo
18. Kadam, V. S., Jadhav, S. K. (2012). Mosquito larvicidal activity of some essential oils and their major constituents. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 47(1):1-8.
19. Yelmate AA, Thonte SS. Ethnobotanical Survey of Plants on Hattibet (Deverjan) District Latur Maharashtra. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Photochemistry. 2018; 7(3):1345-1348.
20. Yelmate AA, Satpute KL, Design, 2024. Development and Evaluation of Polyherbal Soap against Bacterial Skin Infections. Journal of University Of Shanghai for Science and Technology 25(12) 41-51.
21. Yelmate A.A. and Dr. Thonte s.s, Phytochemical Screening by FTIR Spectroscopic Analysis of Some Indian Medicinal Plants, European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 2020; 7(11): 4362-4371.
22. Caraballo AJ. Mosquito repellent action of Neemos. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2000; 16:45-46.
23. Chaiyakunapruk N., Kongkaew C., Sakunrag I., Tawatsin. Effectiveness of citronella preparations in preventing mosquito Bites: systematic review of controlled laboratory experimental studies. Tropical Med Int Health 2011; 16: 802810.
24. Curtis CF, lines JD, Ijumba J, callughan A, Hill N, Karimzad MA. (1987). The relative efficacay of repellents against Mosquito vectors of disease. Medical vetenary entomology 16: 109-119.
Published
31/03/2025
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[1]
A. K, “Formulation and evaluation of natural mosquito repellent hoop cones”, Int J Indig Herb Drug, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 14-18, Mar. 2025.
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Review Articles
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