Metal Ion Containing Anti-Bacterial Gel: An Overview
Abstract
The antibacterial properties of metal ions like copper and zinc sulfate have been investigated for skin infections occur commonly and often present therapeutic challenges to researchers due to the growing concerns regarding multidrug-resistant bacterial, viral, and fungal strains. However, the synergistic activity between these two metal ions as antimicrobial ingredients has not been evaluated in topical formulations. Formulation of the gels and creams was followed by evaluating their organoleptic characteristics, physicochemical properties, and in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Zinc sulfate and copper sulfate had a strong synergistic antibacterial activity in the creams and gels. In this paper evaluated and confirmed the synergistic in vitro antibacterial effect of copper sulfate and zinc sulfate in a cream and gels.
Keywords:
Metal Ions, Antibacterial Gels, Copper Sulfate, zinc sulfate
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References
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8. Zeelie J. J., McCarthy T. J. Effects of copper and zinc ions on the germicidal properties of two popular pharmaceutical antiseptic agents’ cetylpyridinium chloride and povidone-iodine. Analyst. 1998; 123(3):503–507.
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14. Kneist W., Hempel B., Borelli S. Clinical double-blind trial of topical zinc sulfate for herpes labialis recidivans. Arzneimittel-Forschung. 1995; 45(5):624–626.
15. Kumel G., Schrader S., Zentgraf H., Daus H., Brendel M. The mechanism of the antiherpetic activity of zinc sulphate. Journal of General Virology. 1990;71(12):2989–2997.
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25. Sharquie K. E., Khorsheed A. A., Al-Nuaimy A. A. Topical zinc sulphate solution for treatment of viral warts. Saudi Medical Journal. 2007;28(9):1418–1421.
26. Mahajan B. B., Dhawan M., Singh R. Herpes genitalis—topical an alternative therapeutic modality. Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2013;34(1):32–34.
27. Sharquie K. E., Noaimi A. A., Al-Salih M. M. Topical therapy of acne vulgaris using 2% tea lotion in comparison with 5% zinc sulphate solution. Saudi Medical Journal. 2008;29(12):1757–1761.
28. Sierra M., Sanhueza A., Alcántara R., Sánchez G. Antimicrobial evaluation of copper sulfate (II) on strains of Enterococcus faecalis. In vitro study. Journal Oral Of Research. 2013;2(3):114–118.
29. Grass G., Rensing C., Solioz M. Metallic copper as an antimicrobial surface. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2011;77(5):1541–1547.
30. Gyawali R., Ibrahim S. A. Synergistic effect of copper and lactic acid against Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157: H7: a review. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture. 2012;24(1):1–11.
31. Flora S. J. S. Structural, chemical and biological aspects of antioxidants for strategies against metal and metalloid exposure. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2009;2(4):191–206.
32. Shahtalebi M, Asghari G, Rahmani F, Shafiee F, Jahanian-Najafabadi A. Formulation of Herbal Gel of Antirrhinum majus Extract and Evaluation of its Anti- Propionibacterium acne Effects. Advanced Biomedical Research. 2018;7(1).
33. Finney L.A., O'Halloran T.V. Transition metal speciation in the cell: insights from the chemistry of metal ion receptors. Science. 2003;80–(300):931–936.
34. Florence AT, Attwood D. Physicochemical Principles of Pharmacy. Pharmaceutical Press, London,UK, 2011.
35. Loyd VA, Nicholas G. Popovich, Howard C. Ansel. “Ansel’s pharmaceutical dosage forms and drug delivery systems. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Williams; (2011).
36. Syeda Ayesha Ahmed un Nabi, Muhammad Ali Sheraz*, Sofia Ahmed, Nafeesa Mustaan, Iqbal Ahmad, Pharmaceutical Gels: A Review, RADS-JPPS Vol 4 (1), June 2016, 40-4.
37. Suchithra. A. B, S. Jeganath, E. Jeevitha, Pharmaceutical Gels and Recent Trends –A Review, Research J. Pharm. And Tech. 2019; 12(12): 6181-6186
38. Cooper and Gunn. “Disperse systems. In: Carter SJ, editor. Tutorial Pharmacy”. CBS Publishers and Distributors (2000): 68-72.
39. Bharadwaj Sudhir, Gupta G.D, Sharma V.K. Topical Gel: A Novel approach for drug delivery. Journal of Chemical Biological and Physical Sciences 2012; Vol. 2(2): 856-866.
40. Cevc G, Gebauer D,Stiber J,Schatzlein A, Blume G.:Ultra flexible vesicles , transfersomes, have an extremely low pore penetration resistance and transport therapeutic amounts of insulin across the intact mammalian skin,Biochemica et Biophysica Acta,1998,1368;201-215.
41. Trommer H,Neubert RH:Overcoming the stratu corneum: the modulation skin penetration, skin pharmacology and physiology,2006,19:106-121.
42. Alvarez-Soria M.A., Herrero-Beaumont G, Moreno-Rubio J.et al.: “Long-term NSAID treatment directly deceases COX-2 and Mpges-1 production in the articular cartilage of patients with osteoatheritis,”ostroartherities and cartilage, 2008, 16(12); 1484-1493.
43. Li.L,Rossoni G, Sparatore A, Lee L.C. Del Soldato P and MooreP.K. “Anti-inflammoraty and gastrointestinal effects of a novel diclofenac derivative, “Free Radial Bioalogy and Medicine, 2007,42(5);706-719.
44. Karande P,Mitragotri S:Enhancement of transdermal drug delivery via synergistic action of chemicals, Biochemica et Biophysica Actas,2009, 1788:2362-2373.
45. Williams AC,Barry BW:Penetration enhancers,Advanced Drug Delivery via Reviews 2004,5:603-618.
46. Panchagnula R, “Transdermal delivery of drugs”, Indian Journal Pharmacology, 1997, 29, 140-156
2. Sellar R. S., Peggs K. S. Management of multidrug-resistant viruses in the immunocompromised host. British Journal of Hematology. 2012; 156(5):559–572.
3. van der Vries E., Stelma F. F., Boucher C. A. B. Emergence of a multidrug-resistant pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus. New England Journal of Medicine. 2010; 363(14):1381–1382.
4. Gulshan K., Moye-Rowley W. S. Multidrug resistance in fungi. Eukaryotic Cell. 2007; 6(11):1933–1942.
5. Liptak G. S. Diaper rash. In: Hoekelman R., Adam H. M., Nelson N. M., et al., editors. Pediatric Primary Care. Maryland Heights, Mo, USA: Mosby; 2001.
6. Ward D. B., Fleischer A. B., Jr., Feldman S. R., Krowchuk D. P. Characterization of diaper dermatitis in the United States. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. 2000; 154(9):943–946.
7. Nield L. S., Kamat D. Prevention, diagnosis, and management of diaper dermatitis. Clinical Pediatrics. 2007; 46(6):480–486.
8. Zeelie J. J., McCarthy T. J. Effects of copper and zinc ions on the germicidal properties of two popular pharmaceutical antiseptic agents’ cetylpyridinium chloride and povidone-iodine. Analyst. 1998; 123(3):503–507.
9. Pringle C. R. Herpes Simplex Virus Infections. Merck and the Merck Manuals, https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/viral-infections/herpes-simplex-virus infections#resourcesInArticle.
10. Arens M., Travis S. Zinc salts inactivate clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus in vitro. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2000; 38(5):1758–1762.
11. Fernández-Romero J. A., Abraham C. J., Rodriguez A., et al. Zinc acetate/carrageenan gels exhibit potent activity in vivo against high-dose herpes simplex virus 2 vaginal and rectal challenge. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2012; 56(1):358–368.
12. Sagripanti J.-L., Routson L. B., Bonifacino A. C., Lytle C. D. Mechanism of copper-mediated inactivation of herpes simplex virus. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 1997; 41(4):812–817.
13. Clewell A., Barnes M., Endres J. R., Ahmed M., Ghambeer D. K. S. Efficacy and tolerability assessment of a topical formulation containing copper sulfate and Hypericum perforatum on patients with herpes skin lesions: a comparative, randomized controlled trial. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology. 2012; 11(2):209–215.
14. Kneist W., Hempel B., Borelli S. Clinical double-blind trial of topical zinc sulfate for herpes labialis recidivans. Arzneimittel-Forschung. 1995; 45(5):624–626.
15. Kumel G., Schrader S., Zentgraf H., Daus H., Brendel M. The mechanism of the antiherpetic activity of zinc sulphate. Journal of General Virology. 1990;71(12):2989–2997.
16. Zarrab Z., Zanardelli M., Pietrzak A., et al. European Handbook of Dermatological Treatments: Tine Versicolor. Berlin, Germany: Springer; 2015.
17. Jameel G. H., Al-Shamery W. M., Hussain R. O., et al. Treatment of Pityriasis versicolor by 2% solution of Copper sulfate. Diyala Journal for Pure Sciences. 2014;10(1):129–134.
18. Sharquie K. E., Hayani R. K., Al-Dori W. S., et al. Treatment of pityriasis versicolor with topical 15% zinc sulfate solution. Iraqi Journal of Community Medicine. 2008;21(1):61–63.
19. Feng Q. L., Wu J., Chen G. Q., Cui F. Z., Kim T. N., Kim J. O. A mechanistic study of the antibacterial effect of silver ions on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. 2000;52(4):662–668.
20. Ren G., Hu D., Cheng E. W. C., Vargas-Reus M. A., Reip P., Allaker R. P. Characterisation of copper oxide nanoparticles for antimicrobial applications. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2009;33(6):587–590.
21. Padmavathy N., Vijayaraghavan R. Enhanced bioactivity of ZnO nanoparticles—an antimicrobial study. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials. 2008;9(3)
22. Miller M. J., Malouin F. Microbial iron chelators as drug delivery agents: the rational design and synthesis of siderophore-drug conjugates. Accounts of Chemical Research. 1993;26(5):241–249.
23. Pan X., Wang Y., Chen Z., et al. Investigation of antibacterial activity and related mechanism of a series of Nano-Mg(OH)2 . ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. 2013;5(3):1137–1142.
24. Besinis A., De Peralta T., Handy R. D. The antibacterial effects of silver, titanium dioxide and silica dioxide nanoparticles compared to the dental disinfectant chlorhexidine on Streptococcus mutans using a suite of bioassays. Nanotoxicology. 2014;8(1):1–16.
25. Sharquie K. E., Khorsheed A. A., Al-Nuaimy A. A. Topical zinc sulphate solution for treatment of viral warts. Saudi Medical Journal. 2007;28(9):1418–1421.
26. Mahajan B. B., Dhawan M., Singh R. Herpes genitalis—topical an alternative therapeutic modality. Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2013;34(1):32–34.
27. Sharquie K. E., Noaimi A. A., Al-Salih M. M. Topical therapy of acne vulgaris using 2% tea lotion in comparison with 5% zinc sulphate solution. Saudi Medical Journal. 2008;29(12):1757–1761.
28. Sierra M., Sanhueza A., Alcántara R., Sánchez G. Antimicrobial evaluation of copper sulfate (II) on strains of Enterococcus faecalis. In vitro study. Journal Oral Of Research. 2013;2(3):114–118.
29. Grass G., Rensing C., Solioz M. Metallic copper as an antimicrobial surface. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2011;77(5):1541–1547.
30. Gyawali R., Ibrahim S. A. Synergistic effect of copper and lactic acid against Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157: H7: a review. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture. 2012;24(1):1–11.
31. Flora S. J. S. Structural, chemical and biological aspects of antioxidants for strategies against metal and metalloid exposure. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2009;2(4):191–206.
32. Shahtalebi M, Asghari G, Rahmani F, Shafiee F, Jahanian-Najafabadi A. Formulation of Herbal Gel of Antirrhinum majus Extract and Evaluation of its Anti- Propionibacterium acne Effects. Advanced Biomedical Research. 2018;7(1).
33. Finney L.A., O'Halloran T.V. Transition metal speciation in the cell: insights from the chemistry of metal ion receptors. Science. 2003;80–(300):931–936.
34. Florence AT, Attwood D. Physicochemical Principles of Pharmacy. Pharmaceutical Press, London,UK, 2011.
35. Loyd VA, Nicholas G. Popovich, Howard C. Ansel. “Ansel’s pharmaceutical dosage forms and drug delivery systems. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Williams; (2011).
36. Syeda Ayesha Ahmed un Nabi, Muhammad Ali Sheraz*, Sofia Ahmed, Nafeesa Mustaan, Iqbal Ahmad, Pharmaceutical Gels: A Review, RADS-JPPS Vol 4 (1), June 2016, 40-4.
37. Suchithra. A. B, S. Jeganath, E. Jeevitha, Pharmaceutical Gels and Recent Trends –A Review, Research J. Pharm. And Tech. 2019; 12(12): 6181-6186
38. Cooper and Gunn. “Disperse systems. In: Carter SJ, editor. Tutorial Pharmacy”. CBS Publishers and Distributors (2000): 68-72.
39. Bharadwaj Sudhir, Gupta G.D, Sharma V.K. Topical Gel: A Novel approach for drug delivery. Journal of Chemical Biological and Physical Sciences 2012; Vol. 2(2): 856-866.
40. Cevc G, Gebauer D,Stiber J,Schatzlein A, Blume G.:Ultra flexible vesicles , transfersomes, have an extremely low pore penetration resistance and transport therapeutic amounts of insulin across the intact mammalian skin,Biochemica et Biophysica Acta,1998,1368;201-215.
41. Trommer H,Neubert RH:Overcoming the stratu corneum: the modulation skin penetration, skin pharmacology and physiology,2006,19:106-121.
42. Alvarez-Soria M.A., Herrero-Beaumont G, Moreno-Rubio J.et al.: “Long-term NSAID treatment directly deceases COX-2 and Mpges-1 production in the articular cartilage of patients with osteoatheritis,”ostroartherities and cartilage, 2008, 16(12); 1484-1493.
43. Li.L,Rossoni G, Sparatore A, Lee L.C. Del Soldato P and MooreP.K. “Anti-inflammoraty and gastrointestinal effects of a novel diclofenac derivative, “Free Radial Bioalogy and Medicine, 2007,42(5);706-719.
44. Karande P,Mitragotri S:Enhancement of transdermal drug delivery via synergistic action of chemicals, Biochemica et Biophysica Actas,2009, 1788:2362-2373.
45. Williams AC,Barry BW:Penetration enhancers,Advanced Drug Delivery via Reviews 2004,5:603-618.
46. Panchagnula R, “Transdermal delivery of drugs”, Indian Journal Pharmacology, 1997, 29, 140-156
Published
09/06/2023
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[1]
A. S. Chauhan, A. Kumar, and T. N, “Metal Ion Containing Anti-Bacterial Gel: An Overview”, Int J Indig Herb Drug, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 1-5, Jun. 2023.
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