Medications of diabetes mellitus and antidiabetic medicinal plants: A review
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by resistance to the action of insulin, insufficient insulin secretion or both. It is becoming one of the most common diseases of the world. Type II diabetes in young has increased 30 fold over the last 20 years concomitant with an increase in obesity. In diabetes mellitus, besides hyperglycemia, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death in the world and is mainly due to atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). The treatment for diabetes mellitus would be a drug that not only controls the glycemic level but also prevents the development of atherosclerosis and other complications of diabetics. New drugs and new drug delivery systems for insulin have also been introduced. The Indian indigenous drugs have great importance both from the professional and economic point of view. A large number of plants have been reported to possess anti-diabetic activity e.g., Aconitum napeilus, Aloe vera, Carum carvi, Cichorium intybus, Allium cepa, Aralia cachemirica, Allium sativum, Momordia charantia, etc. Different model systems like alloxan, streptozotocins etc. are available to screen the anti-diabetic activity. Therefore, this review summarizes the current different antidiabetic drugs and also provides an overview of several medicinal plants used traditionally in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Keywords:
Diabetes mellitus, Type II diabetes, Hyperglycemia, Medicinal plants, Antidiabetic drugs
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References
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14. Warjeet Singh L. Traditional medicinal plants of Manipur as anti-diabetics. J Med Plants Res 2011; 5: 677-687.
15. Feshani AM, Kouhsari SM, Mohammadi S. Vaccinium arctostaphylos, a common herbal medicine in Iran: molecular and biochemical study of its antidiabetic effects on alloxan-diabetic Wistar rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 133: 67-74.
16. Patel DK, Kumar R, Laloo D, Hemalatha S. Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant activities of the different fractions of Hybanthus enneaspermus (Linn.) F. Muell. (Violaceae). Asian Pac J Trop Med 2011; 4: 391-396.
17. Dewanjee S, Das AK, Sahu R, Gangopadhyay M. Antidiabetic activity of Diospyros peregrina fruit: effect on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and augmented oxidative stress in experimental type 2 diabetes. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47: 2679-2685.
18. Yazdanparast R, Ardestani A, Jamshidi S. Experimental diabetes treated with Achillea santolina: effect on pancreatic oxidative parameters, J Ethnopharmacol 2007; 112:, 13-8
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20. Chempakam, B. Hypogiycemic activity of arecoline in betel nut Areca catechu L. Ind J Exp Biol 1993; 31: 474-475.
21. Yoshikawa M, Murakami T, Kadoya M, Matsuda H, Muraoka O, Yamahara J, Murakami N. Medicinal foodstuff. III. Sugar beet. Hypoglycemic oleanotic acid oligoglycosides, betavulgarosides 1, II, III and IV, from the root of Beta vulgaris L. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1996; 44: 1212-1217.
22. Pari L, Amarnath Satheesh M. Anlidiabetic activity of Boerhaavia diffusa L. effect on hepatickeyenzymes in experimental diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 91: 109-13
23. Saleem R, Ahmad M, Hussain SA, Qazi AM, Ahmad SI, Qazi MH, Ali M, Faizi S, Akhtar S, Husnain SN. Hypotensive, hypoglycemic and toxicological studies on the flavonol C-glycosideshamimin from Bombax ceiba.
Planta Medica 1999; 5: 331-334.
24. Somani R, Kasture S, Singhai AK. Antidiabetic potential of Butea monospenna in rats. Fitoterapia 2006: 77: 86-90.
25. Eddouks M, Lemhadri A, Michel JB.Caraway and caper: potential anti-hyperglycaemie plants in diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 94: 143-148.
26. Diatewa M, Samba CB, Assah TC, Abena AA.Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects of diethyl ether fraction isolated from theaqueous extract of the leaves of Cogniauxia podoleana Baillon in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 92: 229-232.
27. Youn JY, Park HY, Cho KH. Anti-hyperglycemic activity of Commeuna communis L.: inhibition of alpha-glucosidase. Diabetes Res CHn Pract 2004;, 66:, S149-S155.
28. Farias RA, Rao VS, Viana GS, Silveira ER, Maciel MA, Pinto AC. Hypoglycemic effect of trans-dehydrocrotonin, a nor-clerodanc diterpene from Croton cajucara. Planta Med 1997; 63: 558-560.
29. Rodrigues G, Marcolin E, Bona S, Porawski M, Lehmann M, Marroni NP. Hepatics alterations and genotoxic effects of Croton cajucara Benth (SACACA) indiabetic rats. Arq Gastroenterol 2010; 47: 301-305.
30. Kuroda M, Mimaki Y, Nishiyama T, Mae T, Kishida H, Tsukagawa M, Takahashi K, Kawada T, Nakagawa K, Kitahara M. Hypoglycemic effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa L. rhizomes) on genetically diabeticKK-Ay mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28: 937-939.
31. Jarald EE, Joshi SB, Jain DC. Antidiabetic activity of aqueous extract and non-polysaccharide fraction of Cynodondactylon Pers. Indian J Exp Biol 2008; 46: 660-667.
32. Vijayvargia R, Kumar M, Gupta S. Hypoglycemic effect of aqueous extract of Enicostemma littorale Blume (chhota chirayata) on alfoxan induced diabetes mellitus in rats. Indian J Exp Bioi 2000; 38: 781-784.
33. Tanaka K, Nishizono S, Makino N, Tamaru S, Terai O, Ikeda I. Hypoglycemic activity of Eriobotrya japonica seeds in type 2 diabetic rats and mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2008; 72: 686-693.
34. Sezik E, Aslan M, Yesilada E, Ito S. Hypoglycaemic activity of Gentiana olivieri and isolation of the active constituent through bioassay-directed fractionation techniques. Life Sci 2005; 76: 1223-1238.
35. Sugiyama T, Kubota Y, Shinozuka K, Yamada S, Wu J, Umegaki K. Ginkgo biloba extract modifies hypoglycemic action of tolbutainide via hepatic cytochrome P450 mediated mechanism in aged rats. Life Sci 2004; 75: 1113-1122.
36. Kudolo GB. The effect of 3-month ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on pancreatic beta-cell functionin response to glucose loading in individuals with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Pharmacol 2001; 41: 600-611.
37. Skim F, Lazrek HB, Kaaya A, el Amri H, Jana M. Pharmacological studies of two antidiabetic plants: Globularia alypum and Zygophyllum gaetulum. Therapie 1999; 54: 711-715.
38. Kuroda M, Mimaki Y, Sashida Y, Mae T, Kishida H, Nishiyama T, Tsukagawa M, Konishi E, Takahashi K, Kawada T, Nakagawa K, Kitahara M. Phenolics with PPAR-gamma ligand-binding activity obtained from licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis roots) and ameliorative effects of glycyrin on genetically diabetic KK-A(y) mice. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13: 4267-4272.
39. Ramkumar KM, Latha M, Ashokkumar N, Pari L, Ananthan R. Modulation of impaired cholinesterase activity in experimental diabetes: effect of Gymnema montanum leaf extract. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2005; 16: 17-35.
40. Daisy P, Eliza J, Mohamed Farook KA. A novel dihydroxy gymnemic triacetate isolated from Gymnema sylvestre possessing normoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity on STZ-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 126: 339-344.
41. Guerrero-Analco JA, Hersch-Martínez P, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Navarrete A, Mata R. Antihyperglycemic effect-of constituents from Hintonia standleyana in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Planta Med 2005, 71, 1099-1105.
42. Alarcon-Aguilar FJ, Calzada-Bermejo F, Hernandez-Galicia E, Ruiz-Angeles C, Roman-Ramos R. Acute and chronic hypoglycemic effect of Ibervillea sonorae root extracts-11. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 97: 447-452.
43. Malalavidhane TS, Wickramasinghe SM, Perera MS, Jansz ER. Oral hypoglycaemic activity of Ipomoea aquatica in streptozotocin-induced, diabetic wistar rats and Type II diabetics. Phytother Res 2003; 17: 1098-1100.
44. Park HJ, Kim DH, Choi JW, Park JH, Han YN. A potent anti-diabetic agent from Kalopan axpictus.Arch Pharm Res 1998; 21: 24-29.
45. Hattori K, Sukenobu N, Sasaki T, Takasuga S, Hayashi T, Kasai R, Yamasaki K, Hazeki O. Activation of insulin receptors by lagerstroemin J Pharmacol Sci 2003; 93: 69-73.
46. Klein G, Kim J, Himmeldirk K, Cao Y, Chen X. Antidiabetes and Anti-obesity Activity of Lagerstroemia speciosa. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2007; 4: 401-407.
2. Meenakshi P, Bhuvaneshwari R, Rathi MA, Thirumoorthi L, Guravaiah DC, J iji MJ, et al. Antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of Zaleya decandra in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 162: 1153-1159.
3. Pareek H, Sharma S, Khajja BS, Jain K, Jain GC. Evaluation of hypoglycemic and anti hyperglycemic potential of Tridax procumbens (Linn.). BMC Complement Altern Med 2009; 9: 48
4. Balaraman AK, Singh J, Dash S, Maity TK. Antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Melothria maderaspatana and Coccinia indica in Streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats. Saudi Pharm J 2010; 18: 173-178.
5. Frode TS, Medeiros YS. Animal models to test drugs with potential antidiabetic activity. J Ethnopharmacol 2008; 115: 173-183.
6. Craig ME, Hattersley A, Donaghue KC. Definition, epidemiology and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes 2009; 10: 3-12.
7. King H. Diabetes mellitus: a growing international health care problem. Int Diab Monitor 1997; 9: 1-6.
8. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care 2004; 27 (5): 1047-1053.
9. Davidson MB, Peters AL, Schriger DL. An alternative approach to the diagnosis of diabetes with a review of the literature. Diabetes Care 1995; 8: 1065-1071.
10. Susman JL, Helseth LD. Reducing the complications of type II diabetes: a patient centered approach. Am Fam Physician 1997; 56: 471-80.
11. INEGI/Secretaria de Slaud. Direction general de informacion en salud. CONAPO, Proyecciones de la
poblacion de Mexico, 2002: 2000-2050.
12. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). Diabetes Statistics. Bethesda, MD: NIH publication no. 96-392, 1995.
13. Venkatesh S, Madhava Reddy B, Dayanand Reddy G, Mullangi R, Lakshman M. Antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Helicteres isora roots in alloxan-induced diabetic rats: A possible mechanism of action. J Nat Med 2010; 64: 295-304.
14. Warjeet Singh L. Traditional medicinal plants of Manipur as anti-diabetics. J Med Plants Res 2011; 5: 677-687.
15. Feshani AM, Kouhsari SM, Mohammadi S. Vaccinium arctostaphylos, a common herbal medicine in Iran: molecular and biochemical study of its antidiabetic effects on alloxan-diabetic Wistar rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 133: 67-74.
16. Patel DK, Kumar R, Laloo D, Hemalatha S. Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant activities of the different fractions of Hybanthus enneaspermus (Linn.) F. Muell. (Violaceae). Asian Pac J Trop Med 2011; 4: 391-396.
17. Dewanjee S, Das AK, Sahu R, Gangopadhyay M. Antidiabetic activity of Diospyros peregrina fruit: effect on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and augmented oxidative stress in experimental type 2 diabetes. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47: 2679-2685.
18. Yazdanparast R, Ardestani A, Jamshidi S. Experimental diabetes treated with Achillea santolina: effect on pancreatic oxidative parameters, J Ethnopharmacol 2007; 112:, 13-8
19. Subramoniam A, Pushpangadan P, Rajasekharan S, Evans DA, Latha PG, Valsaraj R. Effects of Artemisia pollens Wall. On blood glucose levels in normal andalloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 1996; 50: 13-17.
20. Chempakam, B. Hypogiycemic activity of arecoline in betel nut Areca catechu L. Ind J Exp Biol 1993; 31: 474-475.
21. Yoshikawa M, Murakami T, Kadoya M, Matsuda H, Muraoka O, Yamahara J, Murakami N. Medicinal foodstuff. III. Sugar beet. Hypoglycemic oleanotic acid oligoglycosides, betavulgarosides 1, II, III and IV, from the root of Beta vulgaris L. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1996; 44: 1212-1217.
22. Pari L, Amarnath Satheesh M. Anlidiabetic activity of Boerhaavia diffusa L. effect on hepatickeyenzymes in experimental diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 91: 109-13
23. Saleem R, Ahmad M, Hussain SA, Qazi AM, Ahmad SI, Qazi MH, Ali M, Faizi S, Akhtar S, Husnain SN. Hypotensive, hypoglycemic and toxicological studies on the flavonol C-glycosideshamimin from Bombax ceiba.
Planta Medica 1999; 5: 331-334.
24. Somani R, Kasture S, Singhai AK. Antidiabetic potential of Butea monospenna in rats. Fitoterapia 2006: 77: 86-90.
25. Eddouks M, Lemhadri A, Michel JB.Caraway and caper: potential anti-hyperglycaemie plants in diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 94: 143-148.
26. Diatewa M, Samba CB, Assah TC, Abena AA.Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects of diethyl ether fraction isolated from theaqueous extract of the leaves of Cogniauxia podoleana Baillon in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 92: 229-232.
27. Youn JY, Park HY, Cho KH. Anti-hyperglycemic activity of Commeuna communis L.: inhibition of alpha-glucosidase. Diabetes Res CHn Pract 2004;, 66:, S149-S155.
28. Farias RA, Rao VS, Viana GS, Silveira ER, Maciel MA, Pinto AC. Hypoglycemic effect of trans-dehydrocrotonin, a nor-clerodanc diterpene from Croton cajucara. Planta Med 1997; 63: 558-560.
29. Rodrigues G, Marcolin E, Bona S, Porawski M, Lehmann M, Marroni NP. Hepatics alterations and genotoxic effects of Croton cajucara Benth (SACACA) indiabetic rats. Arq Gastroenterol 2010; 47: 301-305.
30. Kuroda M, Mimaki Y, Nishiyama T, Mae T, Kishida H, Tsukagawa M, Takahashi K, Kawada T, Nakagawa K, Kitahara M. Hypoglycemic effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa L. rhizomes) on genetically diabeticKK-Ay mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28: 937-939.
31. Jarald EE, Joshi SB, Jain DC. Antidiabetic activity of aqueous extract and non-polysaccharide fraction of Cynodondactylon Pers. Indian J Exp Biol 2008; 46: 660-667.
32. Vijayvargia R, Kumar M, Gupta S. Hypoglycemic effect of aqueous extract of Enicostemma littorale Blume (chhota chirayata) on alfoxan induced diabetes mellitus in rats. Indian J Exp Bioi 2000; 38: 781-784.
33. Tanaka K, Nishizono S, Makino N, Tamaru S, Terai O, Ikeda I. Hypoglycemic activity of Eriobotrya japonica seeds in type 2 diabetic rats and mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2008; 72: 686-693.
34. Sezik E, Aslan M, Yesilada E, Ito S. Hypoglycaemic activity of Gentiana olivieri and isolation of the active constituent through bioassay-directed fractionation techniques. Life Sci 2005; 76: 1223-1238.
35. Sugiyama T, Kubota Y, Shinozuka K, Yamada S, Wu J, Umegaki K. Ginkgo biloba extract modifies hypoglycemic action of tolbutainide via hepatic cytochrome P450 mediated mechanism in aged rats. Life Sci 2004; 75: 1113-1122.
36. Kudolo GB. The effect of 3-month ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on pancreatic beta-cell functionin response to glucose loading in individuals with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Pharmacol 2001; 41: 600-611.
37. Skim F, Lazrek HB, Kaaya A, el Amri H, Jana M. Pharmacological studies of two antidiabetic plants: Globularia alypum and Zygophyllum gaetulum. Therapie 1999; 54: 711-715.
38. Kuroda M, Mimaki Y, Sashida Y, Mae T, Kishida H, Nishiyama T, Tsukagawa M, Konishi E, Takahashi K, Kawada T, Nakagawa K, Kitahara M. Phenolics with PPAR-gamma ligand-binding activity obtained from licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis roots) and ameliorative effects of glycyrin on genetically diabetic KK-A(y) mice. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13: 4267-4272.
39. Ramkumar KM, Latha M, Ashokkumar N, Pari L, Ananthan R. Modulation of impaired cholinesterase activity in experimental diabetes: effect of Gymnema montanum leaf extract. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2005; 16: 17-35.
40. Daisy P, Eliza J, Mohamed Farook KA. A novel dihydroxy gymnemic triacetate isolated from Gymnema sylvestre possessing normoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity on STZ-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 126: 339-344.
41. Guerrero-Analco JA, Hersch-Martínez P, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Navarrete A, Mata R. Antihyperglycemic effect-of constituents from Hintonia standleyana in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Planta Med 2005, 71, 1099-1105.
42. Alarcon-Aguilar FJ, Calzada-Bermejo F, Hernandez-Galicia E, Ruiz-Angeles C, Roman-Ramos R. Acute and chronic hypoglycemic effect of Ibervillea sonorae root extracts-11. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 97: 447-452.
43. Malalavidhane TS, Wickramasinghe SM, Perera MS, Jansz ER. Oral hypoglycaemic activity of Ipomoea aquatica in streptozotocin-induced, diabetic wistar rats and Type II diabetics. Phytother Res 2003; 17: 1098-1100.
44. Park HJ, Kim DH, Choi JW, Park JH, Han YN. A potent anti-diabetic agent from Kalopan axpictus.Arch Pharm Res 1998; 21: 24-29.
45. Hattori K, Sukenobu N, Sasaki T, Takasuga S, Hayashi T, Kasai R, Yamasaki K, Hazeki O. Activation of insulin receptors by lagerstroemin J Pharmacol Sci 2003; 93: 69-73.
46. Klein G, Kim J, Himmeldirk K, Cao Y, Chen X. Antidiabetes and Anti-obesity Activity of Lagerstroemia speciosa. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2007; 4: 401-407.
Published
31/12/2016
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[1]
R. R. Rakhee Raj, S. S. Sanjay Sahay, and J. T. Jagriti Tripathi, “Medications of diabetes mellitus and antidiabetic medicinal plants: A review”, Int J Indig Herb Drug, pp. 19-28, Dec. 2016.
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