Artificial Intelligence-Integrated Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (AI-SEDDS)
Abstract
Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) are lipid-based formulations generally containing oil, surfactant and co-surfactant or a cosolvent. Dilution results in formation of fine dispersions, enabling solubilization of lipophilic drugs and/or improving their dissolution and/or absorption. While formulation of SEDDS remains largely empirical and requires extensive experimentation, artificial intelligence (AI) can be leveraged for predictive excipient selection, design of critical quality attribute (CQA) space, multi-objective optimization, precipitation risk ranking and active design of experiments. This review proposes an AI-integrated SEDDS loop encompassing molecular descriptors, excipients, formulation design, gastrointestinal performance and pharmacokinetic (PK) outcomes. Bayesian optimization, explainable AI, supersaturable and solid SEDDS, digital twin and self-driving lab concepts are also discussed. The overall perspective is that AI should complement traditional pharmaceutical experimentation and that standardized dataset creation and external validation are critical enablers.
Keywords:
Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems, SEDDS, SMEDDS, SNEDDS, Artificial intelligence, Machine learning, Lipid-based drug delivery, Oral bioavailability, Bayesian optimization, Quality by Design, Digital twin
References
1. Pouton CW. Lipid formulations for oral administration of drugs: non-emulsifying, self-emulsifying and 'self-microemulsifying' drug delivery systems. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2000;11 Suppl 2:S93-S98. doi:10.1016/S0928-0987(00)00167-6.
2. Pouton CW. Formulation of poorly water-soluble drugs for oral administration: physicochemical and physiological issues and the lipid formulation classification system. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2006;29(3-4):278-287. doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2006.04.016.
3. Pouton CW, Porter CJH. Formulation of lipid-based delivery systems for oral administration: materials, methods and strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2008;60(6):625-637. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2007.10.010.
4. Porter CJH, Trevaskis NL, Charman WN. Lipids and lipid-based formulations: optimizing the oral delivery of lipophilic drugs. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2007;6(3):231-248. doi:10.1038/nrd2197.
5. Hauss DJ. Oral lipid-based formulations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2007;59(7):667-676. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2007.05.006.
6. Kohli K, Chopra S, Dhar D, Arora S, Khar RK. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems: an approach to enhance oral bioavailability. Drug Discov Today. 2010;15(21-22):958-965. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2010.08.007.
7. Singh B, Bandopadhyay S, Kapil R, Singh R, Katare OP. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS): formulation development, characterization, and applications. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 2009;26(5):427-521. doi:10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.v26.i5.10.
8. Gursoy RN, Benita S. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) for improved oral delivery of lipophilic drugs. Biomed Pharmacother. 2004;58(3):173-182. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2004.02.001.
9. Shah NH, Carvajal MT, Patel CI, Infeld MH, Malick AW. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems with polyglycolyzed glycerides. Int J Pharm. 1994;106(1):15-23. doi:10.1016/0378-5173(94)90271-2.
10. Humberstone AJ, Charman WN. Lipid-based vehicles for the oral delivery of poorly water soluble drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 1997;25(1):103-128. doi:10.1016/S0169-409X(96)00494-2.
11. Porter CJH, Charman WN. In vitro assessment of oral lipid based formulations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2001;50 Suppl 1:S127-S147. doi:10.1016/S0169-409X(01)00182-X.
12. Your original reference appears to be incorrect. The verifiable paper is: Mu H, Holm R, Müllertz A. Lipid-based formulations for oral administration of poorly water-soluble drugs. Int J Pharm. 2013;453(1):215-224. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.03.054.
13. Feeney OM, Crum MF, McEvoy CL, Trevaskis NL, Williams HD, Pouton CW, et al. 50 years of oral lipid-based formulations: provenance, progress and future perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2016;101:167-194. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.007.
14. Gershanik T, Benita S. Self-dispersing lipid formulations for improving oral absorption of lipophilic drugs. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2000;50(1):179-188. doi:10.1016/S0939-6411(00)00089-8.
15. O'Driscoll CM, Griffin BT. Biopharmaceutical challenges associated with drugs with low aqueous solubility--the potential impact of lipid-based formulations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2008;60(6):617-624. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2007.10.012.
16. Thomas N, Holm R, Rades T, Müllertz A. Characterising lipid lipolysis and its implication in lipid-based formulation development. AAPS J. 2012;14(4):860-871. doi:10.1208/s12248-012-9398-6.
17. Müllertz A, Ogbonna A, Ren S, Rades T. New perspectives on lipid and surfactant based drug delivery systems for oral delivery of poorly soluble drugs. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2010;62(11):1622-1636. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01107.x.
18. Williams HD, Trevaskis NL, Charman SA, Shanker RM, Charman WN, Pouton CW, et al. Strategies to address low drug solubility in discovery and development. Pharmacol Rev. 2013;65(1):315-499. doi:10.1124/pr.112.005660.
19. MacGregor KJ, Embleton JK, Lacy JE, Perry EA, Solomon LJ, Seager H, et al. Influence of lipolysis on drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 1997;25(1):33-46. doi:10.1016/S0169-409X(96)00489-9.
20. Fatouros DG, Müllertz A. In vitro lipid digestion models in design of drug delivery systems for enhancing oral bioavailability. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2008;4(1):65-76. doi:10.1517/17425255.4.1.65. Your original journal title and page range were incorrect.
21. Cuiné JF, McEvoy CL, Charman WN, Pouton CW. Evaluation of medium-chain triglyceride formulations to enhance oral bioavailability. Int J Pharm. 2007;329(1-2):73-80. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.08.020.
22. Porter CJH, Kaukonen AM, Boyd BJ, Edwards GA, Charman WN. Susceptibility to lipase-mediated digestion reduces the oral bioavailability of danazol after administration as a medium-chain lipid-based microemulsion formulation. Pharm Res. 2004;21(8):1405-1412. doi:10.1023/B:PHAM.0000036914.22132.cc.
23. Porter CJH, Pouton CW, Cuine JF, Charman WN. Enhancing intestinal drug solubilisation using lipid-based delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2008;60(6):673-691. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2007.10.014.
24. Williams HD, Sassene P, Kleberg K, Bakala-N'Goma JC, Calderone M, Jannin V, et al. Toward the establishment of standardized in vitro tests for lipid-based formulations, part 1: method parameterization and comparison of in vitro digestion profiles across a range of representative formulations. J Pharm Sci. 2012;101(9):3360-3380. doi:10.1002/jps.23205. Your original journal, volume and pages were incorrect.
25. Porter CJH, Trevaskis NL, Charman WN. Lipids and lipid-based formulations: optimizing the oral delivery of lipophilic drugs. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2007;6(3):231-248. doi:10.1038/nrd2197.
26. Singh B, Bandopadhyay S, Kapil R, Singh R, Katare OP. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS): formulation development, characterization, and applications. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 2009;26(5):427-521. doi:10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.v26.i5.10.
27. Singh S, Bajpai M, Mishra P. Self-emulsifying drug delivery system: an emerging dosage form to improve bioavailability of poorly absorbed drugs. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 2020;37(4):305-329.
28. Bernkop-Schnürch A, Müllertz A, Rades T. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS): the splendid comeback of an old technology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2019;142:1-2. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2019.08.002.
29. Mahmood A, Bernkop-Schnürch A. SEDDS: a game changing approach for the oral administration of hydrophilic macromolecular drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2019;142:91-101. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.001.
30. Buya AB, Beloqui A, Memvanga PB, Préat V. Self-nano-emulsifying drug-delivery systems: from the development to the current applications and challenges in oral drug delivery. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(12):1194. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics12121194.
31. Almeida SRD, Tippavajhala VK. A rundown through various methods used in the formulation of solid self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (S-SEDDS). AAPS PharmSciTech. 2019;20(8):323. doi:10.1208/s12249-019-1550-5.
32. Pehlivanov I. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS): excipient selection, formulation and characterization. J IMAB. 2020;26(3):3226-3233. doi:10.5272/jimab.2020263.3226.
33. Kadian R, Nanda A. A comprehensive insight on self emulsifying drug delivery systems. Recent Adv Drug Deliv Formul. 2022;16(1):16-44. doi:10.2174/2667387815666211207112803.
34. Park H, Ha ES, Kim MS. Current status of supersaturable self-emulsifying drug delivery systems. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(4):365. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics12040365.
35. Salawi A. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems: a novel approach to deliver drugs. Drug Deliv. 2022;29(1):1811-1823. doi:10.1080/10717544.2022.2083724. Your original journal was incorrect.
36. Gupta S, Kesarla R, Omri A. Formulation strategies to improve the bioavailability of poorly absorbed drugs with special emphasis on self-emulsifying systems. ISRN Pharm. 2013;2013:848043. doi:10.1155/2013/848043.
37. Rahman MA, Harwansh R, Mirza MA, Hussain S, Hussain A. Oral lipid based drug delivery system (LBDDS): formulation, characterization and application: a review. Curr Drug Deliv. 2011;8(4):330-345. doi:10.2174/156720111795767906.
38. Wang G, Wang J, Wu W, To SST, Zhao H, Wang J. Advances in lipid-based drug delivery: enhancing efficiency for hydrophobic drugs. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2015;12(9):1295-1309. doi:10.1517/17425247.2015.1021681.
39. Larsen AT, Åkesson P, Juréus A, Saaby L, Abu-Rmaileh R, Abrahamsson B, et al. Bioavailability of cinnarizine in dogs: effect of SNEDDS loading level and correlation with cinnarizine solubilization during in vitro lipolysis. Pharm Res. 2013;30(12):3101-3113. doi:10.1007/s11095-013-1145-x.
40. Pouton CW. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems: assessment of the efficiency of emulsification. Int J Pharm. 1985;27(2-3):335-348. doi:10.1016/0378-5173(85)90081-X.
41. Shahba AA, Mohsin K, Alanazi FK. Progress in oral drug delivery systems: formulation strategies. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2013;39(1):1-15.
42. Dorsey PJ, Lau CL, Chang TC, Doerschuk PC, D'Addio SM. Review of machine learning for lipid nanoparticle formulation and process development. J Pharm Sci. 2024;113(12):3413-3433. doi:10.1016/j.xphs.2024.09.015.
43. Ros H, Chan N, Cook MT, Shorthouse D. Artificial intelligence and machine learning guided optimization in drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2026;232:115781. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2026.115781.
44. Patel S, Kalasariya A, Desai J, Patel M, Patel A, Shah U. Machine learning-based prediction of drug solubility in lipidic environments: the Sol_ME tool for optimizing lipid-based formulations with a preliminary apalutamide case study. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2025;26(2):50. doi:10.1208/s12249-025-03051-5.
45. Shen C, Zhang M, Lu M, Chang E, Gao Z, Ban W, et al. Machine learning empowered formulation design, optimization and characterization of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems: current applications, challenges, and future perspectives. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2026;16(2):665-685. doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2025.12.011.
46. Kadian R, Nanda A. A comprehensive insight on self emulsifying drug delivery systems. Recent Advances in Drug Delivery and Formulation: Formerly Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation. 2022 Mar 1;16(1):16-44.
47. Singh V, Sharma V. Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Drug Delivery Systems: From Formulation Design to Personalized Therapeutics. International Journal of Health Advancement and Clinical Research (tz). 2026 Sep 22;4(3):11-9.
2. Pouton CW. Formulation of poorly water-soluble drugs for oral administration: physicochemical and physiological issues and the lipid formulation classification system. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2006;29(3-4):278-287. doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2006.04.016.
3. Pouton CW, Porter CJH. Formulation of lipid-based delivery systems for oral administration: materials, methods and strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2008;60(6):625-637. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2007.10.010.
4. Porter CJH, Trevaskis NL, Charman WN. Lipids and lipid-based formulations: optimizing the oral delivery of lipophilic drugs. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2007;6(3):231-248. doi:10.1038/nrd2197.
5. Hauss DJ. Oral lipid-based formulations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2007;59(7):667-676. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2007.05.006.
6. Kohli K, Chopra S, Dhar D, Arora S, Khar RK. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems: an approach to enhance oral bioavailability. Drug Discov Today. 2010;15(21-22):958-965. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2010.08.007.
7. Singh B, Bandopadhyay S, Kapil R, Singh R, Katare OP. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS): formulation development, characterization, and applications. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 2009;26(5):427-521. doi:10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.v26.i5.10.
8. Gursoy RN, Benita S. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) for improved oral delivery of lipophilic drugs. Biomed Pharmacother. 2004;58(3):173-182. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2004.02.001.
9. Shah NH, Carvajal MT, Patel CI, Infeld MH, Malick AW. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems with polyglycolyzed glycerides. Int J Pharm. 1994;106(1):15-23. doi:10.1016/0378-5173(94)90271-2.
10. Humberstone AJ, Charman WN. Lipid-based vehicles for the oral delivery of poorly water soluble drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 1997;25(1):103-128. doi:10.1016/S0169-409X(96)00494-2.
11. Porter CJH, Charman WN. In vitro assessment of oral lipid based formulations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2001;50 Suppl 1:S127-S147. doi:10.1016/S0169-409X(01)00182-X.
12. Your original reference appears to be incorrect. The verifiable paper is: Mu H, Holm R, Müllertz A. Lipid-based formulations for oral administration of poorly water-soluble drugs. Int J Pharm. 2013;453(1):215-224. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.03.054.
13. Feeney OM, Crum MF, McEvoy CL, Trevaskis NL, Williams HD, Pouton CW, et al. 50 years of oral lipid-based formulations: provenance, progress and future perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2016;101:167-194. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.007.
14. Gershanik T, Benita S. Self-dispersing lipid formulations for improving oral absorption of lipophilic drugs. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2000;50(1):179-188. doi:10.1016/S0939-6411(00)00089-8.
15. O'Driscoll CM, Griffin BT. Biopharmaceutical challenges associated with drugs with low aqueous solubility--the potential impact of lipid-based formulations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2008;60(6):617-624. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2007.10.012.
16. Thomas N, Holm R, Rades T, Müllertz A. Characterising lipid lipolysis and its implication in lipid-based formulation development. AAPS J. 2012;14(4):860-871. doi:10.1208/s12248-012-9398-6.
17. Müllertz A, Ogbonna A, Ren S, Rades T. New perspectives on lipid and surfactant based drug delivery systems for oral delivery of poorly soluble drugs. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2010;62(11):1622-1636. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01107.x.
18. Williams HD, Trevaskis NL, Charman SA, Shanker RM, Charman WN, Pouton CW, et al. Strategies to address low drug solubility in discovery and development. Pharmacol Rev. 2013;65(1):315-499. doi:10.1124/pr.112.005660.
19. MacGregor KJ, Embleton JK, Lacy JE, Perry EA, Solomon LJ, Seager H, et al. Influence of lipolysis on drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 1997;25(1):33-46. doi:10.1016/S0169-409X(96)00489-9.
20. Fatouros DG, Müllertz A. In vitro lipid digestion models in design of drug delivery systems for enhancing oral bioavailability. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2008;4(1):65-76. doi:10.1517/17425255.4.1.65. Your original journal title and page range were incorrect.
21. Cuiné JF, McEvoy CL, Charman WN, Pouton CW. Evaluation of medium-chain triglyceride formulations to enhance oral bioavailability. Int J Pharm. 2007;329(1-2):73-80. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.08.020.
22. Porter CJH, Kaukonen AM, Boyd BJ, Edwards GA, Charman WN. Susceptibility to lipase-mediated digestion reduces the oral bioavailability of danazol after administration as a medium-chain lipid-based microemulsion formulation. Pharm Res. 2004;21(8):1405-1412. doi:10.1023/B:PHAM.0000036914.22132.cc.
23. Porter CJH, Pouton CW, Cuine JF, Charman WN. Enhancing intestinal drug solubilisation using lipid-based delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2008;60(6):673-691. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2007.10.014.
24. Williams HD, Sassene P, Kleberg K, Bakala-N'Goma JC, Calderone M, Jannin V, et al. Toward the establishment of standardized in vitro tests for lipid-based formulations, part 1: method parameterization and comparison of in vitro digestion profiles across a range of representative formulations. J Pharm Sci. 2012;101(9):3360-3380. doi:10.1002/jps.23205. Your original journal, volume and pages were incorrect.
25. Porter CJH, Trevaskis NL, Charman WN. Lipids and lipid-based formulations: optimizing the oral delivery of lipophilic drugs. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2007;6(3):231-248. doi:10.1038/nrd2197.
26. Singh B, Bandopadhyay S, Kapil R, Singh R, Katare OP. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS): formulation development, characterization, and applications. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 2009;26(5):427-521. doi:10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.v26.i5.10.
27. Singh S, Bajpai M, Mishra P. Self-emulsifying drug delivery system: an emerging dosage form to improve bioavailability of poorly absorbed drugs. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 2020;37(4):305-329.
28. Bernkop-Schnürch A, Müllertz A, Rades T. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS): the splendid comeback of an old technology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2019;142:1-2. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2019.08.002.
29. Mahmood A, Bernkop-Schnürch A. SEDDS: a game changing approach for the oral administration of hydrophilic macromolecular drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2019;142:91-101. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.001.
30. Buya AB, Beloqui A, Memvanga PB, Préat V. Self-nano-emulsifying drug-delivery systems: from the development to the current applications and challenges in oral drug delivery. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(12):1194. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics12121194.
31. Almeida SRD, Tippavajhala VK. A rundown through various methods used in the formulation of solid self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (S-SEDDS). AAPS PharmSciTech. 2019;20(8):323. doi:10.1208/s12249-019-1550-5.
32. Pehlivanov I. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS): excipient selection, formulation and characterization. J IMAB. 2020;26(3):3226-3233. doi:10.5272/jimab.2020263.3226.
33. Kadian R, Nanda A. A comprehensive insight on self emulsifying drug delivery systems. Recent Adv Drug Deliv Formul. 2022;16(1):16-44. doi:10.2174/2667387815666211207112803.
34. Park H, Ha ES, Kim MS. Current status of supersaturable self-emulsifying drug delivery systems. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(4):365. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics12040365.
35. Salawi A. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems: a novel approach to deliver drugs. Drug Deliv. 2022;29(1):1811-1823. doi:10.1080/10717544.2022.2083724. Your original journal was incorrect.
36. Gupta S, Kesarla R, Omri A. Formulation strategies to improve the bioavailability of poorly absorbed drugs with special emphasis on self-emulsifying systems. ISRN Pharm. 2013;2013:848043. doi:10.1155/2013/848043.
37. Rahman MA, Harwansh R, Mirza MA, Hussain S, Hussain A. Oral lipid based drug delivery system (LBDDS): formulation, characterization and application: a review. Curr Drug Deliv. 2011;8(4):330-345. doi:10.2174/156720111795767906.
38. Wang G, Wang J, Wu W, To SST, Zhao H, Wang J. Advances in lipid-based drug delivery: enhancing efficiency for hydrophobic drugs. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2015;12(9):1295-1309. doi:10.1517/17425247.2015.1021681.
39. Larsen AT, Åkesson P, Juréus A, Saaby L, Abu-Rmaileh R, Abrahamsson B, et al. Bioavailability of cinnarizine in dogs: effect of SNEDDS loading level and correlation with cinnarizine solubilization during in vitro lipolysis. Pharm Res. 2013;30(12):3101-3113. doi:10.1007/s11095-013-1145-x.
40. Pouton CW. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems: assessment of the efficiency of emulsification. Int J Pharm. 1985;27(2-3):335-348. doi:10.1016/0378-5173(85)90081-X.
41. Shahba AA, Mohsin K, Alanazi FK. Progress in oral drug delivery systems: formulation strategies. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2013;39(1):1-15.
42. Dorsey PJ, Lau CL, Chang TC, Doerschuk PC, D'Addio SM. Review of machine learning for lipid nanoparticle formulation and process development. J Pharm Sci. 2024;113(12):3413-3433. doi:10.1016/j.xphs.2024.09.015.
43. Ros H, Chan N, Cook MT, Shorthouse D. Artificial intelligence and machine learning guided optimization in drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2026;232:115781. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2026.115781.
44. Patel S, Kalasariya A, Desai J, Patel M, Patel A, Shah U. Machine learning-based prediction of drug solubility in lipidic environments: the Sol_ME tool for optimizing lipid-based formulations with a preliminary apalutamide case study. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2025;26(2):50. doi:10.1208/s12249-025-03051-5.
45. Shen C, Zhang M, Lu M, Chang E, Gao Z, Ban W, et al. Machine learning empowered formulation design, optimization and characterization of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems: current applications, challenges, and future perspectives. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2026;16(2):665-685. doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2025.12.011.
46. Kadian R, Nanda A. A comprehensive insight on self emulsifying drug delivery systems. Recent Advances in Drug Delivery and Formulation: Formerly Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation. 2022 Mar 1;16(1):16-44.
47. Singh V, Sharma V. Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Drug Delivery Systems: From Formulation Design to Personalized Therapeutics. International Journal of Health Advancement and Clinical Research (tz). 2026 Sep 22;4(3):11-9.
Published
30/09/2026
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Y, G. R. (2026). Artificial Intelligence-Integrated Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (AI-SEDDS). Bulletin of Advanced Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 1(2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.37022/baddt.v1i2.965
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